Bangladesh

"I LOVE MY COUNTRY"

Bangladesh

Introducing of Bangladesh

This article is about the People's Republic of Bangladesh. For other uses, see Bangladesh (disambiguation).

The People's Republic of Bangladesh গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Amar Shonar Bangla My Golden Bangla
Capital (and largest city)		Dhaka 23°42′N 90°21′E
Official language(s)		Bangla (বাংলা)
Demonym		Bangladeshi
Government		Parliamentary republic,Unitary state[1]
-	President	Zillur Rahman
-	Prime Minister	Sheikh Hasina Wazed
-	Speaker	Ad.Abdul Hamid
Independence		from Pakistan
-	Declared	March 26, 1971
-	Victory Day	December 16, 1971
Area
-	Total	147,570 km2 (94th) 55,599 sq mi
-	Water (%)	6.9
Population
-	2009 estimate	162,221,000[2] (7th)
-	Density	1,099.3/km2 (9th) 2,917.6/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2009 estimate
-	Total	$241.295 billion[3]
-	Per capita	$1,465[3]
GDP (nominal)		2009 estimate
-	Total	$94.507 billion[3]
-	Per capita	$573[3]
Gini (2000)		33.4 (medium)
HDI (2007)		▲0.543[4] (medium) (146th)
Currency		Taka (BDT)
Time zone		BST (UTC+6)
Drives on the		left
Internet TLD		.bd
Calling code		880
1	Adjusted population, p.4,

 Bangladesh (help·info) (Bangla: বাংলাদেশ, pronounced /bæŋgləˈdɛʃ/; Bangladesh), officially the The People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bangla: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Banglādeśh) is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma (Myanmar) to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. Together with the Indian state of West Bengal, it makes up the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. The name Bangladesh means "Country of Bangla" in the official Bangla language.

The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal andIndia in 1947, when the region became the eastern wing of the newly formed Pakistan. However, it was separated from the western wing by 1,600 km (994 mi) of Indian territory. Political and linguistic discrimination as well as economic neglect led to popular agitations against West Pakistan, which led to the war for independence in 1971 and the establishment of Bangladesh. After independence, the new state endured famines, natural disasters and widespread poverty, as well as political turmoil and military coups. The restoration of democracy in 1991 has been followed by relative calm and economic progress.

Bangladesh is the seventh most populous country and is among the most densely populated countries in the world with a high poverty rate. However, per-capita (inflation-adjusted) GDP has more than doubled since 1975, and the poverty rate has fallen by 20% since the early 1990s. The country is listed among the "Next Eleven" economies. Dhaka, the capital, and other urban centers have been the driving force behind this growth.

Geographically, the country straddles the fertile Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta and is subject to annual monsoon floods and cyclones. It has the longest unbroken sea beach in the world in the Cox's Bazaar. Bangladesh has maintained a parliamentary democracy and an elected parliament called the Jatiyo Sangshad. Bangladesh is a member of theCommonwealth of Nations, the OIC, SAARC, BIMSTEC, and the D-8. As the World Bank notes in its July 2005 Country Brief, the country has made significant progress in human development in the areas of literacy, gender parity in schooling and reduction of population growth. However, Bangladesh continues to face a number of major challenges, including widespread political and bureaucratic corruption, economic competition relative to the world, serious overpopulation, widespread poverty, and an increasing danger of hydrologic shocks brought on by ecological vulnerability to climate change.

Dhaka:

For other uses, see Dhaka (disambiguation).

Dhaka ঢাকা —  Capital City  — Clockwise from top left: Bashundhara City, Shaheed Minar,Lalbagh Fort, Dhaka skyline, Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban. Nickname(s): City of Mosques, Rickshaw Capital of the World Dhaka Location of Dhaka, Bangladesh Coordinates: 23°42′0″N 90°22′30″E Country  Bangladesh Administrative District Dhaka District Establishment 1608 CE Granted city status 1947 Government  - Type Municipality  - Mayor Sadeque Hossain Khoka Area  - Capital City 304 km2 (117.4 sq mi)  - Water 48.56 km2 (18.7 sq mi) Elevation[1] 4 m (13.12 ft) Population (2008)[2]  - Capital City 7,000,940  - Density 23,029/km2 (59,644.8/sq mi)  - Metro 12,797,394  - Demonym Dhakaiya  - Literacy rate 62.3% Time zone BST (UTC+6)  - Summer (DST) BDST (UTC+7) Postal code 1000 National Calling Code +880 Calling Code 02 Website Official Dhaka Website

This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

Dhaka (Bangla: ঢাকা, pronounced [ɖʱaka]; formerly known as Dacca andJahangir Nagar, under Mughal rule), is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. Located on the banks of the Buriganga River, Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, has a population of around 13 million, making it the largest city in Bangladesh. It is one of the most densely populated cities in the worldand forms the world's 9th largest agglomeration and the largest city within the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. Dhaka is known as the City of Mosques and renowned for producing the world's finest muslin. Dhaka is also known as the Rickshaw Capital of the World . Approximately 400,000 cycle rickshaws run each day. Today it serves as one of the prime centres for culture, education and business in the region.

Under Mughal rule in the 17th century, the city was known as Jahangir Nagar. It was a provincial capital and a center of the worldwide muslin trade. The modern city, however, was developed chiefly under British rule in the 19th century, and became the second-largest city in Bengal after Calcutta (presently Kolkata). After the Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka became the capital of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam but lost its status as a provincial capital again after the partition was annulled in 1911. After the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan, and later, in 1971, the capital of an independent Bangladesh. During the intervening period, the city witnessed widespread turmoil; this included many impositions of martial law, the declaration of Bangladesh's independence, military suppression, devastation during war, and natural calamities.

Modern Dhaka is the center of political, cultural and economic life in Bangladesh. Although its urban infrastructure is the most developed in the country, Dhaka suffers from urban problems such as pollution, congestion, and lack of adequate services due to the rising population. In recent decades, Dhaka has seen modernization of transport, communications and public works. The city is attracting large foreign investments and greater volumes of commerce and trade. It is also experiencing an increasing influx of people from across the nation.

History of Dhaka:

Dhaka was built on the banks of theBuriganga River

Main article: History of Dhaka

The existence of urbanized settlements in the area that is now Dhaka dates from the 7th century. The city area was ruled by theBuddhist kingdom of Kamarupa and the Pala Empire before passing to the control of the Hindu Sena dynasty in the 9th century. The name of the city may have derived after the establishment of the GoddessDhakeshwari's temple by Ballal Senain the 12th century. Dhaka and its surrounding area was identified as Bengalla around that period. The town itself consisted of a few market centers like Lakshmi Bazar, Shankhari Bazar, Tanti Bazar, Patuatuli, Kumartuli, Bania Nagar and Goal Nagar. After the Sena dynasty, Dhaka was successively ruled by the Turkic and Pashtun governors descending from the Delhi Sultanate before the arrival of the Mughals in 1608.

Lalbagh Fort, constructed in the mid 17th century by Shaista Khan

The development of townships and a significant growth in population came as the city was proclaimed the capital of Bengal under Mughal rule in 1608. Mughal subahdar Islam Khan was the first administrator of the city. Khan named the town "Jahangir Nagar" (জাহাঙ্গীর নগর; City of Jahangir) in honor of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, although this name was dropped soon after Jahangir's death. The main expansion of the city took place under Mughal general Shaista Khan. The city then measured 19 by 13 kilometres (12 by 8 mi), with a population of nearly one million people.^[13]British East India Company in 1765 gained right to collect revenue (Diwani right) and later took over governing in 1793 when Nawabs of Bengal were forced to abdicate all their authority over Bengal, Bihar & Orissa & the city passed on to total British control.The city's population shrank dramatically during this period as the prominence of Kolkata rose, but substantive development and modernisation eventually followed. A modern civic water supply system was introduced in 1874 and electricity supply launched in 1878.The Dhaka Cantonment was established near the city, serving as a base for British and Bengali soldiers.

Ahsan Manzil was once the palace of theDhaka Nawab Family; it is now a museum.

During the abortive Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka was declared to be the capital of the newly established state of East Bengal and Assam, but Bengal was reunited in 1911.Following the Partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the capital of East Pakistan. The city witnessed major communal violence following the partition of India. A large proportion of the city's Hindu population departed for India, while the city received a large influx of Muslims. As the center of regional politics, however, Dhaka saw an increasing number of political strikes and incidents of violence. The adoption of Urdu as the sole official language of Pakistan led to protest marches involving large crowds. Known as the Bengali Language Movement, the protests resulted in Pakistani police firing which killed a number of peaceful student demonstrators. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Dhaka remained a hotbed of political activity, and the demands for autonomy for the Bengali population gradually gained momentum.

Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban houses the national parliament.

The 1970 Bhola cyclone devastated much of the region, killing an estimated 500,000 people. More than half the city was flooded and millions of people were marooned. With public anger growing against ethnic discrimination and poor cyclone relief efforts from the central government, Bengali politician Sheikh Mujibur Rahman held a nationalist gathering on March 7, 1971 at the Race Course Ground. An estimated one million people attended the gathering, leading to the March 26 declaration of Bangladesh's independence. In response, the Pakistan Army launched Operation Searchlight, which led to the arrests, torture and killing of thousands of people. After nine months of bloody battle with Bangladeshi Forces, the Pakistani Army surrendered to the Mitra Bahini on December 16 marking the end of the independence war of Bangladesh. As the nation's capital, Dhaka saw a rapid and massive growth of the city population in the post-independence period, as migrant workers from rural areas across Bangladesh moved to the city. The growth of commerce and industry along with the city's population has created further challenges to services and infrastructure. A real estate boom has followed the expansion of city limits and the development of new settlements such as Uttara, Mohammadpur, Bashundhara, Mirpur andMotijheel. nicole rocks:)






University of Dhaka:

The University of Dhaka (commonly referred to as Dhaka University or just DU) (Bengali: ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় Đhaka Bishshobiddalôe) is the oldest and the largest university inBangladesh with more than 32,000 students and 1,600 teachers. The University of Dhaka is a public university situated in the heart of Dhaka city, the capital ofBangladesh.

The University of Dhaka demonstrated an inherent strength in its activities during its eventful and often critical existence since it was established in 1921. Today, the university provides trained human resources of Bangladesh engaged in education, science and technology, administration, diplomacy, mass communication, politics, trade and commerce, and industrial enterprises in all sectors.

University of Dhaka is one of the leading research institutes in Bangladesh as, according to WoS (Web of Science), research in Bangladesh is dominated by two institutes: the University of Dhaka and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) publishing 18% and 17% of all Bangladesh's publications, respectively.

It is the only university in Bangladesh to have been listed in AsiaWeek's listing of best Asian Universities in 2000 (64th in the overall category of 77 participating multi-disciplinary universities) and 1999 (37th) rankings

History

Main article: History of University of Dhaka

Nawab Ali Chowdhury , one of the proposers of University of Dhaka

Curzon Hall - House of Science Faculties

The University of Dhaka was established in 1921 under theDacca University Act 1920 of the Indian Legislative Council, it is modelled after British universities. Academic activities started on July 1, 1921 with 3 faculties, 12 teaching departments, 60 teachers, 847 students and 3 residential halls.

It is believed that a combination of political, social and economic compulsions persuaded the government of India to establish a University at Dhaka 'as a splendid imperial compensation' to Muslims for the annulment of the partition of Bengal. The first vice-chancellor of the university, Dr., later Sir,Philip Joseph Hartog, a former academic registrar of the University of London for 17 years and a member of the University of Calcutta Commission, described this phenomenon as the 'political origin' of the institution.^{[citation needed]}

The Partition of Bengal in 1905 provided the Muslim majority community of East Bengal and Assam with a sphere of influence of their own and raised new hopes for the development of the region and advancement of its people. But its annulment, barely six years later due to stiff opposition from the powerful Hindu leadership, was viewed by Muslims as 'a grievous wrong'.

A deputation of high ranking Muslim leaders, including Sir Nawab Khwaja Salimullah, Khan Bahadur Chowdhury Kazimuddin Ahmed Siddiky[1], Nawab Syed Nawab Ali Choudhury and A. K. Fazlul Huq, met Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy of India, on January 31, 1912 and expressed their fears that the annulment would retard the educational progress of their community. As compensation for the annulment of the Partition, as well as protest against the general antipathy of Calcutta University towards Muslims, the deputation made a vigorous demand for a university at Dhaka. In response, Lord Hardinge acknowledged that education was the true salvation of Muslims and that the government would recommend the constitution of such a university to the Secretary of State. This was confirmed in an official communiqué on February 2, 1912.

Initially, the university under the British administration worked hard to build up an outstanding record of academic achievement, earning for itself the reputation for being the 'Oxford of the East'. The university contributed to the emergence of a generation of leaders who distinguished themselves in different occupations in East Bengal. Until the Partition of India in 1947, it maintained its unique character of being one of the few residential institutions of higher learning in Asia. In 1947, it assumed academic authority over all educational institutions above the secondary level falling within East Bengal. In the process, it became a teaching-cum-affiliating institution. This transformation, coupled with its unprecedented growth in the years that followed, put strains beyond reckoning on its human as well as material resources.^{[citation needed]}

A new phase began in the history of the University with the emergence of the People's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971. This has been a phase of development, expansion and consolidation of earlier gains. The University assumed a central role in the academic pursuits of the region including this new nation.

Academic divisions:Faculties & Institutions

Main article: Academic divisions of University of Dhaka

Dhaka University Faculty of Business Studies

IBA: the premier Business School under Dhaka University

Today, there are 13 faculties, 66 departments, 9 institutes, 34 research centres, 1,600 teachers, about 30,000 students, 18 residential halls and 2 hostels.[ Two-thirds of the present faculty possesses degrees from universities in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Many of them achieved international reputation for their scholarly works. Many also have the experience of teaching in well-known institutions of higher learning abroad.

Research Activities

The University of Dhaka is dedicated to the advancement of learning and is committed to promoting research in all fields of knowledge. New research projects are undertaken every year. Six half-yearly English journals and one ten-monthly Bengali journal are published by six faculties regularly. Ten more research journals are published by individual departments.

University of Dhaka is one of the leading research institutes in Bangladesh as, according to WoS (Web of Science), research in Bangladesh is dominated by two institutes: the University of Dhaka and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) publishing 18% and 17% of all Bangladesh's publications, respectively.

The University of Dhaka entered into more than 90 International Collaboration Programmes with renowned University and Institutes of different countries of the world.

Publication of Journals

• Journal of Statistical Research (JSR) is being published since 1970. The Journal is published twice a year, one in June and the other in December. The areas of interest of this journal covers Mathematical Statistics, Quality control in Industries, Biostatistics, Sampling Techniques and Computer intensive statistics with graphics.

• Journal of Finance and Banking is the half-yearly refereed journal published by the department of Finance. The journal has an editorial board comprising of professors of the Department and some outstanding external experts. It contains research-based articles on finance and related fields. Authors are generally those of good standing in the academic institutions, industries and government organizations.

Bureaus and Research Centers

Main article: Bureaus and Research Centers of University of Dhaka

Bureau of Economic Research Bureau of Business Research Bose Centre for Advanced Study and Research in Natural Sciences Centre for Advanced Studies and Research in Biological Sciences Dev Centre for Philosophical Studies Renewable Energy Research Centre Centre for Advanced Research in Humanities Centre for Advanced Research in Social Sciences Semiconductor Technology Research Centre Biotechnology Research Centre DU Cyber Centre

Nazrul Research Centre Nazmul Karim Study Centre Disaster Research Training and Management Centre Dr. Sirajul Haque Islamic Research Centre Centre for Biomedical Research Bangladesh-Australia Centre for Environmental Research Delta Research Centre Centre for Advanced Research in Physical, Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences - The Centre of Excellence Centre for Advanced Research in Arts and Social Sciences - The Centre of Excellence Centre for Corporate Governance and Finance Studies

Center for Microfinance and Development Japan Study Centre History Research Centre Centre for Development and Policy Research University and Industry Alliance Professor Dilip Kumar Bhattacharya Research Centre Organic Pollutants Research Centre Refugee and Migratory Movement Research Unit Center for Administrative Research and Innovation-CARI Dhaka University Earthquake Observatory Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue Dhaka University Arboriculture Section

Facilities

Main article: Facilities at University of Dhaka

Teacher Student Centre

Trusts, Foundations and Scholarship Programmes

The University contains about 220 Trusts and Foundations offering scholarships and medals to meritorious students of the University. Besides, a large number of scholarships are also offered by the University, Dhaka University Alumni Association and the Government.

Halls of Residence

A dormitory is called a Hall in the university. Students admitted to the Departments and Institutes of the University have either to reside in or be attached to a hall of residence. The University has thirteen halls of residence and two hostels for male students; and four halls of residence and one hostel for female students. The administration of a hall is headed by a Provost who is assisted by a number of House Tutors and Assistant House Tutors while the administration of a hostel is controlled by a Warden assisted by Assistant Warden(s).

Currently, the construction of a Twin Hall (500+500 capacity) for female students is in progress.

Library

The University Library, housed in three separate buildings, is the largest in Bangladesh. The Library holds a collection of more than 617,000 volumes, including bound volumes of periodicals. In addition, it has a collection of over 30,000 manuscripts on various languages and a large number of microfilms, microfiche and CDs. It subscribes to over 300 current foreign journals. A complete automation of the system is in the process. The Confined Section of the Main Library Building contains numerous rare books.

University of Dhaka Library provides a wide range of scholarly electronic resources but, for licensing reasons, most of them have to be restricted to members of the University of Dhaka. A number of international electronic journals /research databases are made available via the PERI programme of INASP. Most of the resources can be accessed within the university network without any password where some of the resources require user ID and password.

Aparajeyo Bangla: A sculpture on theBangladesh Liberation War, located at the center of Dhaka University Campus

Health Services: The University of Dhaka Medical Centre

The Medical Centre of the University of Dhaka, located near the Science Annex Building, offers free medical service and free pathological examinations to students, teachers and staffs of the University and also family members of the teachers and staffs. The Centre provides service round the clock, seven days a week, with 30 doctors working in different shifts. The Centre also has dental unit, eye unit, x-ray department and two ambulances. The Centre has in its premises arrangement for 30 bed accommodation so that students suffering from such contagious diseases as chicken pox, mumps, etc. may be taken care of in isolation.

Resource Centre for the Visually Impaired Students

A Resource Center for the Visually Impaired Students has been established in the Dhaka University Central Library under the joint collaboration of the University of Dhaka and an international organization, called Sight-savers. The Centre contains modern library facilities for the visually impaired students of the University.

Student Counseling and Guidance

The students Counselling and Guidance Service is an integral part of the academic programmes of students of the teaching Departments and Institutes of the University. It aims at helping students to adjust to campus life, effectively pursue curricular as well as co-curricular activities, develop their abilities for making wise choices and plans, and solve individual problems through counseling.

Sports and Extracurricular Activities

The University of Dhaka organizes sports and other extracurricular and recreational activities.

The Office of the Director of Physical Education provides three types of programmes:

• Compulsory Physical Education,
• Certificate Course in coaching major games and sports, and
• Intramural and Extramural programmes.

The University of Dhaka Ground is the official stadium of the University of Dhaka. It hosts many inter-collegiate sports tournaments at inter-city, provincial and national levels.

The Historic Madhur Canteen (Madhu's Canteen)

Intramural and Extramural Programme (Games and Sports)

The Directorate also organizes and conducts interdepartment and inter-hall tournaments, individual hall athletics, Dhaka University athletics, and Inter- University games and sports. University students participate in national championships in different games and sports for which prior training and coaching are offered.

Cafeteria

There are some cafeterias in the Dhaka University area. Some of them are historically important.The Madhur Canteen is not only a cafeteria, but also a place of historical interest of Bangladesh.

Transport

University of Dhaka has transport services for its students. Though the number of the bus is not sufficient for the vast student community it is a great dervice to students. The bus schedule for different parts of the city can be found in the bus depot. The service is always on run even on university holidays, to help those students who come to university for library or teacher's council.

Culture and Activities

Main article: Culture and Activities at University of Dhaka

Students of Charukala (Fine Arts) Institute of University of Dhaka preparing forPohela Boishakh

Pohela Boishakh (Bengali new year) celebrations in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The University of Dhaka is rich in cultural activities. There are colorful celebrations of different festivals around the year.

Teacher-Student Centre, the only one of its kind in Bangladesh, is an all-campus activity centre designed for relaxation and guidance which came into being in 1961. It has its value as community centre unifying the life of the university and serves as a sponsor of self-directed activity in which students learn that they are responsible for the welfare of their university and their country. The Centre seeks to foster a type of campus community life which supplements the formal academic programme of the University. The Centre brings together under one roof dining rooms and meeting rooms, library and reading rooms, art and music rooms, stage and multipurpose hall, games rooms, etc. These form the social and cultural heart of the campus. The Centre also houses the office of the Dhaka University Debating Society, Dhaka University Film Society, Dhaka University Tourist Society, Dhaka University Journalists Association, Dhaka University Chess Club, different Socio-Cultural Groups of the students, Rover Scout, Dhaka University Publication Center, Bank, Utility shop, Food Corner, and also the facilities of a voluntary blood donation organization, called Badhan, organized by the students of the University.

The University of Dhaka hosts most of the major national celebrations in the capital. Pohela Boishakh, the colorful Bangla New Year's Day festival takes place in University of Dhaka campus where a large number of people gather welcoming the new year. University of Dhaka celebrates Nabanno, a traditional annual festival marking the harvest of new crop, in style. Hundreds of girls and boys, attire in traditional dresses, attend the harvest festival, Nabanno Utsab, held at Bakultala at the Institute of Fine Arts in the University campus. Pahela Falgun, the first day of colorful Spring, is celebrated with lots of enthusiasm and in style in the University of Dhaka campus. Students wear colorful attire and performs in traditional cultural activities.

In addition, TSC designated and fixed few dates for some events. For example, Basanta Utshab (13-14 Feb), Baishaki Utshab (15–19 April), Fete de la Musique (2 July) and Friendship Day (First Sunday of August).

Religious harmony

The University of Dhaka is a place of religious harmony. The university students and teachers enjoy holidays in the major festivals of Muslim, Hindu, Christian, Buddhist etc. religions. Although, Bangladesh and the university is Muslim majority, other religious festivals are also celebrated in the university campus. For example, major Hindu religion festivals, such as Durga Puja and Swaraswati Puja, are celebrated every year at Jagannath Hall in the University of Dhaka campus, also with enthusiastic participation of Muslims and others.

Performance at games and sports

This section requires expansion.

The University of Dhaka organizes sports and other extracurricular and recreational activities. The Office of the Director of Physical Education provides three types of programs: (1) Compulsory Physical Education, (2) Certificate Course in coaching major games and sports, and (3) Intramural and Extramural programs.

In the period of 1974-2000, the University of Dhaka team won championship in 7 occasions and runner-up in 2 occasions in total 20 events of the National Cricket League.

Ranking

Anti-Terrorism Raju Memorial Sculpture at University of Dhaka

Despite being continuously affected by turbulent political environment of the region and severely insufficient funding for researches and academic activities the university managed to make position in the regional and international level.

International ranking

In 2008, the University of Dhaka has made into the list of "Top World Universities" in the ranking carried out by apparently world’s most prominent ranking agency Times Higher Education and Quacquarelli Symonds (THE–QS), UK . Out of over 30,000 universities around the world, DU was placed as 528. In Engineering & IT the university positioned 300th where in Life Sciences & Biomedicine the university ranked 284th. However, the university ranked better in 2007 (within top 500) and 2006 (365th). The subject area wise ranking in 2007 was: 336th in Arts & Humanities, 256th in Natural Sciences, 256th in Engineering & IT, 297th in Social Sciences and 251st in Life Sciences & Biomedicine. University of Dhaka is the only university from Bangladesh made position in the world's top universities list.

Asian level ranking

In the best Asian (and Australian) universities ranking, AsiaWeek ranked the University of Dhaka 37th in 1999 and 64th (overall and multi-disciplinary category) out of 77 ranked universities in 2000 . This is the only university in Bangladesh made position within the Asia's best universities. In 2000, the university got a comparatively higher rank in student selectivity (23rd) where got lower ranking in academic reputation (74th), faculty resources (59th), research (65th) and financial resources (74) categories .

Ranking based on the web

The university's website based ranking is below standard. Although the university positioned 2nd within Bangladesh  and 45th within South Asia, it barely made position in top 7000 (6388nd) in the January 2009 ranking byWebometrics in their World Universities Ranking  based on web visibility of electronic publication, scientific results and international activities.. Apparently the poor internet infrastructure in Bangladesh can be the key reason of the large difference between the rank of the university in "university ranking" and "web performance based university ranking".

In 2009, 4 International Colleges & Universities  ranked the university as the most popular university in Bangladesh in their 'Colleges and Universities By 2009 Web Popularity Ranking' list.

Admission Procedure

Dhaka University Central Students' Union(DUCSU) building

Admission in Degree Honours Courses

Students who have passed the SSC and the HSC Examinations (after 12 years of schooling) or examinations equivalent to HSC of Bangladesh Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education with required GPA are considered eligible for admission to the Degree Honors Courses.

Admission is highly competitive and every year the University Admission Committee fixes a standard of academic attainment at the SSC and HSC levels. Selection of students for admission is made through admission tests. All candidates have to take part in MCQ tests and must score the pass marks to qualify in the admission test. Students who passed at least five subjects in the GCE "0" level and two subjects in the "A" level examinations are also eligible to apply for admission. They are required to obtain at least B Grade in three subjects and C Grade in other four subjects among the seven subjects of "0" Level and "A" Level.

Admission in Masters Courses

Students who pass the Honors Examinations of this University are admitted in the Masters programme. International students are also allowed to get admission in the Master’s degree programs if their academic records are found acceptable by the equivalence committee of the university.

Admission of International Students

International Students must apply well in advance through their respective embassy in Bangladesh to the Ministry of Education, Government of Bangladesh, enclosing evidence of examinations passed and transcripts of academic records.

Historical Events

Shaheed Minar, or the Martyr's monument, is the symbol of the language movement. In 2000, UNESCO declared 21 February International Mother Language Dayfor the whole world to celebrate^[19], in tribute to the Language Movement and the ethno-linguistic rights of people around the world.

Main article: History of University of Dhaka

The university was witness to another historical event, as it was in the campus of Dhaka University that the original Flag of Bangladesh was unfurled for the first time, at a time of national crisis with the Bangladesh Liberation War looming closer. The University saw its share of the genocide initiated by Pakistani dictatorship in 1971, as many pupils and professors were killed in Operation Searchlight by the Pakistan Army.

East Pakistan era

The Partition of Bengal in 1947 considerably altered the character of Dhaka University. The East Bengal Educational Ordinance of 1947 added an affiliating character to its residential-cum-teaching model by calling upon it to assume the responsibilities of affiliation and supervision of 55 colleges, which were previously under the University of Calcutta. The university was relieved of this responsibility in 1992 when the National University was created to take over this task.

During World War II the government of India requisitioned some buildings of the university for military use. After Partition, the new government of East Pakistan requisitioned many more of them for offices and residences of government employees. This created an acute problem of accommodation to add to the problem of finance. The Pakistan government was indifferent to the university's needs and planned to move the university away from the city to keep its students out of politics. When General Ayub Khan seized power in October 1958, teachers and students of the university were already in the forefront of protests against the government's attempts to suppress the demands of the East Pakistanis for autonomy and the rightful place for Bengali as a state language of the country. In 1952, during the Bengali Language Movement effort, police killed some students agitating for a place of honour for their mother tongue. The government responded by replacing the Dacca University Act 1920 by an ordinance in 1961, totally depriving the university of its autonomy and democratic traditions. Termed a 'black law', the ordinance created a suffocating atmosphere in the university. The atmosphere of terror and oppression created in the whole country by successive military regimes led to mass upsurge, and ultimately, to the War of Liberation waged by Bengalis in 1971.

Monument in honour of those killed at Dhaka University during Bangladesh Liberation War

War of Liberation

Main article: 1971 Dhaka University massacre

The War of Liberation severely crippled Dhaka University's academics when a large number of its distinguished teachers and a considerable number of its students and employees were killed. The emergence of several new universities later did little to ease this burden.

The teachers, who were killed, include Dr. Govinda Chandra Dev, Dr. ANM Muniruzzaman, Santosh C Bhattacharya, Dr. Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta, AN Munir Chowdhury, Mofazzal Haider Chowdhury, Dr. Abul Khair, Dr. Serajul Hoque Khan, Rashidul Hasan, Anwar Pasha, Dr. Fazlur Rahman, Giasuddin Ahmed, Dr. Faizul Mohi, Abdul Muktadir, Sarafat Ali, Sadat Ali, AR Khan Khadim, and Anudippayan Bhattachariya. The university's chief medical officer, Dr. Mohammad Mortuza, and a teacher of the University Laboratory School, Mohammad Sadeq were also killed.

Dhaka University Alumni Association

Dhaka University Alumni Association (DUAA) was established on 24 September 1949 with late Justice M. Ibrahim as its President.

Since its establishment DUAA is committed towards the development of the University of Dhaka and welfare of its students through providing scholarships, stipends and funding in the academic pursuits of the students. Besides, it undertakes various projects to preserve the traditions of the University, adding to the academic excellence of the University of Dhaka in general in co-operation with the University authorities. Having financial assistance from Eastern Bank Ltd. DUAA has introduced 224 scholarships along with carrier building counseling to meritorious students of all the 57 departments of Dhaka University. Furthermore, forty four meritorious students of all the 9 institutes under the University of Dhaka are also provided with similar scholarships and job training by Mutual Trust Bank Ltd and DUAA jointly.

Alumni and Faculty Members

Main article: Alumni and Faculty Members of University of Dhaka

University of Dhaka, the oldest post-graduate institution of the country, has in the meantime, conferred certificates upon more than 1.6 million graduates.

Notable alumni of University of Dhaka

Fazlur Rahman Khan is one of the greatest structural engineer of the second half of the 20th century. He is regarded as the "father of tubular design for high-rises".   Muhammad Yunus, the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner and the founder ofGrameen Bank, is a member of the Dhaka University Alumni Association.   Satyendra Nath Bose, Fellow of Royal Society, is best known for providing the foundation for Bose-Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose-Einstein condensate.   Sheikh Mujibur Rahmanwas a Bengali politician and the founding leader of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, generally considered in the country as the father of the Bengali nation.   Jahanara Imam is widely remembered for her efforts to bring those accused of committing war crimes in the Bangladesh Liberation War to trial. She was popularly known asShaheed Janani (Mother of Martyrs).

See also

History of University of Dhaka

References

1. ^ Brief history of Dhaka University
2. ^ Banglapedia: University of Dhaka
3. ^ ^a b Dilruba Mahbuba and Ronald Rousseau, Scientific research in Bangladesh and a comparison with India and Pakistan, Fourth International Conference on Webometrics, Informetrics and Scientometrics & Ninth COLLNET Meeting (2008)
4. ^ ^a b Best Asian Universities 2000
5. ^ University of Dhaka -Academic Calendar July 2006-June 2007
6. ^ ^a b QS Top Universities
7. ^ University of Dhaka Prospectus 2008
8. ^ Department of Finance, University of Dhaka
9. ^ Dhaka University Declares Easter Sunday Holiday For Its Students
10. ^ http://www.univdhaka.edu/DownLoads/DU-Prospectus-2008.pdf
11. ^ National Cricket League, Domestic Records
12. ^ AsiaWeek Best Universities 1999
13. ^ University of Dhaka in the "Best Asian Universities 2000"
14. ^ Webometrics - University of Dhaka
15. ^ Regional and Global Ranking of South Asia region
16. ^ Webometrics, a new tool for Scientometrics
17. ^ 4icu.org
18. ^ Top Colleges and Universities in Bangladesh - by web popularity ranking
19. ^ Glassie, Henry and Mahmud, Feroz.2008.Living Traditions. Cultural Survey of Bangladesh Series-II. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Dhaka. p.578

External links

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University of Dhaka
Motto	"সত্যের জয় সুনিশ্চিত ("Truth Shall Prevail")
Established	1921
Type	Public, Coeducational
Chancellor	Mohammad Zillur Rahman, President of Bangladesh
Vice-Chancellor	AAMS Arefin Siddique
Faculty	1,345
Students	30,000
Location	Dhaka, Bangladesh
Campus	Urban, 600 acres (2.43 km²)
Website	www.du.ac.bd

University of Dhaka
Profile

National Anthem of Bangladesh:

Amar Shonar Bangla

English: My Golden/beloved Bengal
Amar Sonar Bangla
Rabindranath Tagore, the author and composer of Amar Sonar Bangla.
National anthem of	Bangladesh
Lyrics	Rabindranath Tagore, 1906
Music	Rabindranath Tagore, 1906
Adopted	1972
Music sample
Amar Shonar Bangla (Instrumental)

Amar Shonar Bangla (My Golden Bengal) (Bengali:আমার সোনার বাংলা) is a 1906 song written and composed by the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore from West Bengal, India, the first ten lines of which were adopted in 1972 as the Bangladesh national anthem.

The word sonar literally means 'made of gold', but in the song sonar Bangla may be interpreted to either express the preciousness of Bengal or a reference to the colour of paddy fields before harvest. The song was written in 1906 during the period of Bongobhanga (Bôngobhôngo - 1905 Partition of Bengal) - when Bengal was divided in two halves by the British government based on religion. This song, along with a host of others, was written to rekindle the unified spirit of Bengal.

It is said that the music of this song was inspired by the Baul singer Gagan Harkara's song "Kothay Pabo Tare". (Bengali:কোথায় পাবো তারে)^{[citation needed]}

The first 10 lines of this song constitute the national anthem of Bangladesh. It was adopted in 1972 after the independence of Bangladesh. The English translation was done by Syed Ali Ahsan.

Lyrics of National Anthem:

Bangla (Bengali) script	Transliteration	Literal translation
আমার সোনার বাংলা আমার সোনার বাংলা, আমি তোমায় ভালবাসি।	Amar Sonar Bangla Amar sonar Bangla, Ami tomae bhalobashi.	My beloved Bengal My Bengal of Gold, I love you.
চিরদিন তোমার আকাশ, তোমার বাতাস আমার প্রাণে বাজায় বাঁশি।	Chirodin tomar akash, Tomar batash, Amar prane bajae bãshi.	Forever your skies, Your air set my heart in tune As if it were a flute.
ও মা, ফাগুনে তোর আমের বনে ঘ্রানে পাগল করে-- মরি হায়, হায় রে ও মা, অঘ্রানে তোর ভরা খেতে, আমি কি দেখেছি মধুর হাসি।।	O ma, Phagune tor amer bone Ghrane pagol kôre, Mori hae, hae re, O ma, Ôghrane tor bhôra khete Ami ki dekhechhi modhur hashi.	In spring, O mother mine, The fragrance from your mango groves Makes me wild with joy, Ah, what a thrill! In autumn, O mother mine, In the full blossomed paddy fields I have seen spread all over sweet smiles.
কি শোভা কি ছায়া গো, কি স্নেহ কি মায়া গো-- কি আঁচল বিছায়েছ বটের মূলে, নদীর কূলে কূলে।	Ki shobha, ki chhaea go, Ki sneho, ki maea go, Ki ãchol bichhaeechho Bôţer mule, Nodir kule kule!	Ah, what beauty, what shades, What an affection, and what tenderness! What a quilt have you spread At the feet of banyan trees And along the banks of rivers!
মা, তোর মুখের বাণী আমার কানে লাগে সুধার মতো-- মরি হায়, হায় রে মা, তোর বদনখানি মলিন হলে আমি নয়ন জলে ভাসি।।	Ma, tor mukher bani Amar kane lage, Shudhar môto, Mori hae, hae re, Ma, tor bôdonkhani molin hole, Ami nôeon jôle bhashi.	O mother mine, words from your lips Are like nectar to my ears. Ah, what a thrill! If sadness, O mother mine, Casts a gloom on your face, My eyes are filled with tears!